Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism essay

As the name suggests, this class of disorders is the one that results in abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, such as glycogen storage disease, also known as glycogenosis. This disorder causes abnormal processing or synthesis of glycogen, which is the storage form of glucose in humans. Glycogen storage disease (GSD) can be of two types, either genetic or acquired. GSD type 1 is also known as Von Gierke’s disease, in which glucose-6-phosphatase, an enzyme involved in glycogen breakdown, is deficient; thus, the body cannot synthesize free glucose from glycogen, which results in hypoglycemia, a condition where the blood glucose levels drop.

GSD type 2 or Pompe’s disease is an autosomal recessive condition where the muscle and the nerve cells in the body are damaged. It causes a deficiency of the enzyme lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase, which produces glucose from glycogen in the lysosomes. Hence, glycogen accumulates in these organelles. Such accumulation causes progressive muscle tissue degradation in the body and can also affect the heart, facial, or oral muscles. The gene responsible for this disease is located on the long arm of chromosome 17. The condition is generally progressive, and a lifespan of approximately two years is expected for the patients.

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Disorders of amino acid metabolism- Phenylketonuria

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is also an autosomal recessive genetic condition that alters the expression of a hepatic enzyme, that is, the enzyme found in the liver cells (hepatocytes). The disorder leads to a deficiency of an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. PKU patients are deficient in PAH; hence, the excess of phenylalanine gets converted into phenylpyruvate, which accumulates and can be detected in the urine sample for diagnosis. The accumulation of this product produces symptoms such as progressive mental retardation, brain seizures, etc. Since the symptoms of this condition occur because the body is unable to metabolize phenylalanine, the treatment aims at lowering the phenylalanine intake through diet. The patients are advised to avoid high phenylalanine diets such as meat, cow milk, and other dairy products. Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which are rich in phenylalanine, are also not good for such patients. Another thing that the treatment focuses on is supplementing the body with tyrosine, which is normally produced by phenylalanine. Thus, tyrosine supplements have to be taken along with some low phenylalanine fruits and vegetables to provide the patient with other essential nutrients.

Disorders of organic acid metabolism- Alkaptonuria
This disease is also known as the black urine disease, and like PKU, it is also a rare genetic disorder. This is an autosomal recessive condition where the enzyme homogentisate-1, 2-dioxygenase, is deficient. This enzyme is responsible for tyrosine degradation. The deficiency in this enzyme results in the accumulation of a toxic byproduct called homogentisic acid, also known as alkapton. The excess of these products damages the cartilage, causing osteoarthritis, and can also create kidney stones.


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Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism essay

As the name suggests, this class of disorders is the one that results in , such as glycogen storage disease, also known as glycogenosis. This disorder causes abnormal processing or synthesis of glycogen, which is the storage form of glucose in humans. Glycogen storage disease (GSD) can be of two types, either genetic or acquired. GSD type 1 is also known as Von Gierkes disease, in which glucose-6-phosphatase, an enzyme involved in glycogen breakdown, is deficient; thus, the body cannot synthesize free glucose from glycogen, which results in hypoglycemia, a condition where the blood glucose levels drop.

GSD type 2 or Pompes disease is an autosomal recessive condition where the muscle and the nerve cells in the body are damaged. It causes a deficiency of the enzyme lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase, which produces glucose from glycogen in the lysosomes. Hence, glycogen accumulates in these organelles. Such accumulation causes progressive muscle tissue degradation in the body and can also affect the heart, facial, or oral muscles. The gene responsible for this disease is located on the long arm of chromosome 17. The condition is generally progressive, and a lifespan of approximately two years is expected for the patients.

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Disorders of amino acid metabolism- Phenylketonuria

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is also an autosomal recessive genetic condition that alters the expression of a hepatic enzyme, that is, the enzyme found in the liver cells (hepatocytes). The disorder leads to a deficiency of an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of the into tyrosine. PKU patients are deficient in PAH; hence, the excess of phenylalanine gets converted into phenylpyruvate, which accumulates and can be detected in the urine sample for diagnosis. The accumulation of this product produces symptoms such as , brain seizures, etc. Since the symptoms of this condition occur because the body is unable to metabolize phenylalanine, the treatment aims at lowering the phenylalanine intake through diet. The patients are advised to avoid high phenylalanine diets such as meat, cow milk, and other dairy products. Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which are rich in phenylalanine, are also not good for such patients. Another thing that the treatment focuses on is supplementing the body with tyrosine, which is normally produced by phenylalanine. Thus, tyrosine supplements have to be taken along with some low phenylalanine fruits and vegetables to provide the patient with other essential nutrients.

Disorders of organic acid metabolism- Alkaptonuria
This disease is also known as the black urine disease, and like PKU, it is also a rare genetic disorder. This is an autosomal recessive condition where the enzyme homogentisate-1, 2-dioxygenase, is deficient. This enzyme is responsible for tyrosine degradation. The deficiency in this enzyme results in the accumulation of a toxic byproduct called homogentisic acid, also known as alkapton. The excess of these products damages the cartilage, causing osteoarthritis, and can also create kidney stones.


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Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?

Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.

Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?

  • Plagiarism free papers
  • Timely delivery
  • Any deadline
  • Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
  • Subject-relevant academic writer
  • Adherence to paper instructions
  • Ability to tackle bulk assignments
  • Reasonable prices
  • 24/7 Customer Support
  • Get superb grades consistently

Online Academic Help With Different Subjects

Literature

Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.

Finance

Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.

Computer science

Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

  • When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
  • We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

  • The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
  • We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
  • Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.

When will I get my paper?

You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.

Will anyone find out that I used your services?

We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.

How our Assignment Help Service Works

1. Place an order

You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.

2. Pay for the order

Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.

3. Track the progress

You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.

4. Download the paper

The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.

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